Ibali lokulahlwa kwenkunkuma

Iyunithi yokulahla inkunkuma (ekwaziwa njengeyunithi yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, indawo yokulahla inkunkuma, inkunkuma yenkunkuma njl.njl.) sisixhobo, esidla ngokuba senziwa ngombane, esifakelwe phantsi kwesinki yasekhitshini phakathi komjelo wesitanki kunye nomgibe.Iyunithi yokulahla iqhekeza inkunkuma yokutya ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci ngokwaneleyo-ngokuqhelekileyo angaphantsi kwe-2 mm (0.079 in) ububanzi-ukudlula kwimibhobho yamanzi.

Imbali

Indawo yokulahla inkunkuma yaqanjwa ngowe-1927 nguJohn W. Hammes umzobi osebenza eRacine, eWisconsin.Wafaka isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngo-1933 elakhutshwa ngo-1935.Ibango likaHammes liyaphikiswa, njengoko uMbane Jikelele wazisa iyunithi yokulahla inkunkuma ngo-1935, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Disposal.
Kwizixeko ezininzi zaseUnited States ngeminyaka yee-1930 neyee-1940, inkqubo yogutyulo kamasipala yayinemigaqo ekwalela ukubeka inkunkuma yokutya (inkunkuma) kwinkqubo.UJohn uchithe umzamo omkhulu, kwaye waphumelela kakhulu ekweyiseleni iindawo ezininzi ukuba zirhoxise ezi zithintelo.

Iindawo ezininzi eUnited States zazikuchasile ukusetyenziswa kwezilahlisi.Kangangeminyaka emininzi, abantu abalahla inkunkuma bebengekho mthethweni kwisiXeko saseNew York ngenxa yobungozi bokonakala kogutyulo lwesixeko.Emva kophononongo lweenyanga ezingama-21 kunye neSebe le-NYC loKhuseleko lweNdalo, ukuvalwa kwarhoxiswa ngo-1997 ngumthetho wasekhaya we-1997/071, owalungisa icandelo lama-24-518.1, iKhowudi yoLawulo lwe-NYC.

Ngo-2008, isixeko saseRaleigh, eNorth Carolina sazama ukuvala ukutshintshwa kunye nokufakwa kwezilahli zenkunkuma, eziye zanabela kwiidolophu ezingaphandle ezabelana ngenkqubo yelindle kamasipala, kodwa yarhoxisa ukuvalwa kwenyanga enye kamva.

Ukwamkelwa eMelika

E-United States, malunga nama-50% amakhaya aneeyunithi zokulahla ukususela ngo-2009, xa kuthelekiswa ne-6% kuphela e-United Kingdom kunye ne-3% eKhanada.

ESweden, abanye oomasipala bakhuthaza ukuba kufakwe izinto zokulahla inkunkuma ukuze kwandiswe ukuveliswa kwegesi ephilayo.Abanye abasemagunyeni eBritani baxhasa ngemali ukuthengwa kweendawo zokulahla inkunkuma ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma eya kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.

Ingqiqo

Ukutya okulahlwayo kususela kwi-10% ukuya kwi-20% yenkunkuma yasekhaya, kwaye yinxalenye yengxaki yenkunkuma kamasipala, idala impilo yoluntu, ugutyulo lwelindle kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye, kuqalwa ngokugcinwa kwangaphakathi kuze kulandele ingqokelela esekelwe kwiilori.Ukutshiswa kwiindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo zokulahla umbane, isiqulatho esiphezulu samanzi sokutya okulahliweyo kuthetha ukuba ukufudumeza nokutshisa kwazo kudla amandla amaninzi kunalawo awenza;ezingcwatyelwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, iimvuthuluka zokutya ziyabola kwaye zivelise igesi yemethane, igesi yegreenhouse enegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu.

Isiseko esisemva kokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesilahlisi kukujonga ngokufanelekileyo amaqhekeza okutya njengolwelo (umyinge wama-70% wamanzi, njengenkunkuma yabantu), kunye nokusebenzisa iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo (imijelo ephantsi komhlaba ehambisa amanzi amdaka kunye neendawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka) kulawulo lwazo.Izityalo zala maxesha zamanzi amdaka zisebenza kakuhle ekusetyenzweni kwezinto eziqinileyo zendalo zibe ziimveliso zesichumiso (ezaziwa ngokuba zii-biosolids), ezinezixhobo eziphucukileyo zikwathatha imethane yokuvelisa amandla.